Evaluating the Effects of Road Bumps on Passenger Comfort in Ilorin Metropolis: A Case Study of Odota-Airport Road and Adewole-Oloje Road, Ilorin West

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of road bumps on passenger comfort along two selected routes in Ilorin West, Nigeria: Odota-Airport Road and Adewole-Oloje Road. Field surveys, physical measurements of bump geometry, and in-vehicle acceleration data were used to determine vertical acceleration and root mean square (RMS) values for different vehicle seats and road segments. Passenger comfort was also assessed through structured questionnaires, and results were compared with ISO 2631 comfort thresholds. The findings reveal that larger and more frequent bumps, as well as higher vehicle speeds, are associated with increased vertical acceleration and discomfort, particularly for passengers in smaller vehicles. Survey responses indicated that road bumps contribute to body pain, fatigue, and reduced travel satisfaction, with the Adewole-Oloje Road showing a higher incidence of discomfort. The study recommends standardizing bump dimensions, implementing appropriate signage, and conducting regular maintenance to improve both safety and comfort. These results offer practical guidance for urban planners and transport authorities seeking to balance traffic calming and passenger well-being in Nigerian urban settings.